Mawlānā Jalāl-ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī


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Mawlānā Jalāl-ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī, also known as Mawlānā Jalāl-ad-Dīn Muhammad Balhī, but known to the English-speaking world simply as Rumi, (September 30, 1207–December 17, 1273), was a 13th century Turkish poet, Islamic jurist, and theologian. Rumi is a descriptive name meaning "the Roman" since he lived most parts of his life in Anatolia which had been part of the Roman Empire until the Seljuq conquest two centuries earlier.

Modern scholars now believe that Rumi was probably born in 1207 CE in Wakhsh/Vakhsh, while traditional sources claim his father family had for several generations lived in Balkh (In modern day Afghanistan, then incorporated into the Khwarezm Empire around 1205 CE). Both these cities were at the time included in the Greater Persian cultural sphere of Khorāsān, the easternmost province of historical Persia.

Due to quarrels between different dynasties in Khorāsān, opposition to Khwarizmid Shahs who were considered devious by Rumi’s father or fear of the impending Mongol cataclysm, Baha-e Walad (Rumi’s father) decided to migrate westwards. Rumi traveled west with his father and family, first performing the Hajj and eventually settling in Konya (In modern day Turkey, then in the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm), where he lived most of his life , composed one of the crowning glories of Persian literature and profoundly affected the culture of the area.

He lived most of his life under the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, where he produced his works and died in 1273 CE in Konya. He was buried in Konya and his shrine became a place of pilgrimate. The shrine is now known as the Mevlana Museum. Following his death, his followers and his son Sultan Walad founded the Mevlevi Order, also known as the Whirling Dervishes, who are known for their famous ceremony called the sema.

Rumi's importance is considered to transcend national and ethnic borders. Rumi's original works are widely read in the original Persian Language by Iranians, Afghans and Tajiks. Translations of his works are very popular in South Asian, Turkic, Arab and Western countries. His poetry has influenced Persian literature as well as Urdu, Bengali and Turkish literatures. His poems have been widely translated into many of the world's languages in various formats, and BBC News has described him as the "most popular poet in America".

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